How Do Ultrasonic Cleaners Work: 7 Things You Should ...

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Ultrasonic Cleaning

Ultrasonic cleaning has become the professional cleaning method of choice. Ultrasonic cleaning has been around for 60 years. This cutting-edge and innovative cleaning technology has made it easy to remove soils, contaminants, debris, and grime from even the most difficult to clean materials.

Since World War 2, scientists have been fascinated with the concept of ultrasonics. These inaudible sound waves, which have a frequency of 20,000 to 100,000 cycles per second, have been a prominent feature in fields from military applications to medical technology.

The cleaning industry has not been left out. If anything, ultrasonics now dominates the world of cleaning. And rightly so. Water and other solvents can only do so much. But with ultrasonic technology, you can clean everything from jewelry to medical equipment, and much more.

However, many people do not really understand how ultrasonic cleaning really works. Here are seven things you should know about ultrasonic cleaners.

They Are Made up of a Wide Range of Materials

While most people are familiar with regular washing machines, not many know the makeup of an ultrasonic cleaning machine. An ultrasonic cleaner is comprised of three essential components: a tank, a generator, and a transducer.

Tank: Ultrasonic cleaning machines are available in a variety of tank sizes. The size of your machine will depend on the size and quantity of items you will be cleaning.

Generator: The power generator converts electrical energy from the source into mechanical energy in the form of sound waves. These sound waves are comprised of millions of microscopic bubbles. Each bubble is filled with a vacuum effect called implosion. As the bubbles collapse on the item being cleaned, they implode, removing the debris from the object. This process is called cavitation.

Transducer: The transducer is perhaps the most critical component of an ultrasonic cleaning machine. Using electrical energy from the generator, it generates sounds at frequencies that the human ear cannot hear. This usually starts around 40kHz.

A transducer has two essential parts: the frequency plate and the transducer itself. For most cleaning machines, piezoelectric crystals are used as the active element. They are usually positioned at the bottom.

Other features, such as timers, temperature control switches, and baskets of racks, are available for many models. So before buying an ultrasonic cleaning machine, consider its features and specifications. Ensure you choose one with a tank large enough for your needs.

How Cleaning Occurs

When you connect your machine to a power source and switch it on, the generator and transducer immediately get to work. As the generator begins to convert the direct source of power into electrical energy for the transducer, the transducer starts to vibrate and pulse. It also begins to convert the electrical energy into ultrasonic energy.

As a result of the quick movement, the transducer creates high-frequency compression sound waves. This movement ultimately results in the formation of cavitation bubbles, and as this process occurs, the bubbles travel through the cleaning liquid and cleaning begins.

These microscopic bubbles attack the part, causing the removal of the contaminant. The intensity of this process ensures that whatever you are cleaning comes out looking as good as new.

The Frequency of Ultrasonic Cleaning

Ultrasonics is all about the frequency of sound. The ultrasonic frequency is measured in thousands of cycles per second. Generally, ultrasonic sounds range from 20kHz to 100 kHz. Most ultrasonic cleaning occurs around 40 to 60 kHz.

The level of frequency determines the kind of cleaning that is created. At high frequency, small bubbles are produced, which offers a gentler and more detailed cleaning action. If you are looking to clean extensive dirt and contaminants, you should use lower frequencies. The lower the frequency, the bigger the bubbles, allowing the user to perform more intense and aggressive cleaning actions.

There are Different Types of Ultrasonic Cleaners

Not all ultrasonic cleaners are the same. Let's look at a few of the different kinds of ultrasonic cleaning machines on the market.

Industrial Cleaners: As the name suggests, these cleaners are high-grade and are for industrial level use. As such, these cleaning tanks are either larger or custom designed. Similarly, the generators are more robust, delivering more power, and the transducers are of a higher grade.

Lab size/Tabletop Cleaners: Lab size or tabletop cleaners are available in a variety of sizes. They take up less space than an industrial cleaner and are designed for all day operations. They usually offer more accessories to assist with the cleaning operation.

Small Systems: These systems are generally used in home or small business settings. They offer the functionality of larger systems, but with less capacity and fewer features.

Not sure what type you need for your requirements? Get in touch and a member of our knowledgeable and friendly team will be happy to advise you.

Busting Some Myths

There are a number of myths out there regarding ultrasonic cleaning machines. However, many of them are untrue. Here are three of the most common and the facts behind them:

Myth 1: You can&#;t use aluminum in ultrasonic machine(ar,de,ru)s

This is simply not true. In fact, aluminum is sometimes used to test the uniformity of ultrasonic cleaning machines. Make sure to check your instruction manual to confirm which metals are safe. The type of cleaning solution also is important depending on the base metal.

Myth 2: Power doesn&#;t matter

Some people think that as long as you have an ultrasonic machine, it will work to clean any type of stain or contaminant. In fact, there are many variables that affect performance. For instance, the right proportion of watts per gallon is crucial to the right distribution of ultrasonic power throughout the tank.

Myth 3: The longer you clean an item, the cleaner it becomes

While this is true for most cleaning systems, it is not true in ultrasonic cleaning. All you need is one full cycle to get the cleaning done. Generally, you won&#;t have to go for any more cycles if your machine generates enough power - and doing so won&#;t produce any particular benefits.

Choosing the Right Cleaning Solution is Paramount

The cleaning process starts with choosing the right cleaning solution. Don&#;t use a substandard cleaning solution and expect the machine to perform at peak efficiency. Pay close attention and read the label before you buy a cleaning solution for your cleaning machine. Many solutions are water based, but this is not appropriate for all purposes.

Once you settle on the right cleaning solution for your machine and requirements, the rest is simple. First, rinse items to remove contaminants and debris. Next, place the items to be cleaned into an accessory basket and insert into the tank. Power up your device and begin cleaning. A normal cleaning cycle will take around 10 minutes.

Taking Good Care of Your Cleaner

Ultrasonic cleaning machines typically come with manufacturers&#; warranties lasting up to 2.5 years. Take advantage of the warranty on your machine if you encounter any challenges.

However, warranties can be voided, and expensive errors can occur if the machine is abused or used incorrectly. Make sure that you use it according to the manufacturer&#;s specifications and follow the instruction manual at all times.

Have Additional Questions About Ultrasonic Cleaners?

Drop us a line - we&#;d be happy to help!

What is Ultrasonic Cleaning?

An ultrasonic cleaner is a sophisticated tool for cleaning a variety of objects, particularly those with hard-to-reach areas or complex components that manual cleaning methods struggle with. Ultrasonic cleaning technology has become essential in sectors like electronics, healthcare, jewellery, aerospace, dental and automotive, offering an ultrasonic cleaning bath that meticulously cleans every nook and cranny.

Professionals in manufacturing, technical services, and engineering can reap significant advantages from an ultrasonic cleaner. This technology not only extends the life and performance of components but also promotes consistent operation by leveraging powerful ultrasonic cleaning capabilities to minimise downtime.

Continue exploring to understand the factors contributing to the efficiency and popularity of ultrasonic cleaner technology in a multitude of fields.

How Does an Ultrasonic Cleaner Work?

The secret behind the effectiveness of an ultrasonic cleaner is cavitation. This phenomenon involves the generation of sound waves through mechanical vibrations in a liquid, leading to the formation and implosion of microscopic bubbles. The implosions which occur within ultrasonic baths bombard the items being cleaned, stripping away grime and debris efficiently without the need for abrasive chemicals.

Items should be arranged in a basket, tray, or glass beaker before immersion in the chosen cleaning fluid to maximise the performance of an ultrasonic bath. The cavitation effect ensures a thorough and even cleanse across the ultrasonic cleaning bath, accessing even the smallest crevices and tight spaces that alternative cleaning methods may overlook. Depending on the application, the cleaning fluid may be water-based, which supports environmental sustainability or solvent-based for a more potent clean.

What Does an Ultrasonic Cleaner Consist of?

An ultrasonic cleaner consists of three parts:

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• The generator
• The transducer
• The tank

The process of cavitation. Source: IQSdirectory

The Generator

At its core, the generator serves as the heartbeat of an ultrasonic cleaner, transforming AC power from a standard wall outlet into an electrical frequency that activates the transducer, thus driving the ultrasonic cleaning process.

The Transducer

The transducer stands as the pivotal element that produces ultrasonic vibrations within an ultrasonic cleaner, operating at frequencies above the level of human hearing. In regions like Europe and Asia, the majority of ultrasonic cleaners incorporate piezoelectric crystals that convert electrical impulses into ultrasonic energy. These crystals respond to electrical currents and change in size and shape, resulting in consistent linear vibrations. Modern ultrasonic cleaning systems favour ceramic transducers over their metallic counterparts for a more delicate yet efficacious cleaning touch, strategically installed beneath the tank to propagate vibrations.

The Tank

Within the ultrasonic cleaning bath, the component, cleaning solution, and the specifically designed basket, tray, or glass jar for submerging the item coexist. Tanks for ultrasonic cleaner baths come in various sizes to hold different volumes of solvent. Distrelec&#;s own brand, RND, offers a selection that includes a variety of ultrasonic bath sizes, each engineered to meet diverse requirements. These digital ultrasonic cleaners are not only equipped with a basket but also boast advanced temperature control and timer functions for precise cleaning cycles.

Benefits of Using an Ultrasonic Cleaner

1. Gentle cleaning: For items that demand a delicate touch, such as intricate mechanical components, the ultrasonic cleaner is perfect. These devices meticulously cleanse by penetrating tiny crevices, effectively eliminating residue without causing harm, leveraging the cavitation effect of ultrasonic cleaning technology.
2. Versatile: Ultrasonic cleaners are a multipurpose asset across various industries. Automotive professionals utilise ultrasonic parts cleaners to meticulously remove lubricants or debris from machinery, while dental and laboratory settings depend on these ultrasonic cleaners for sterilising dental instruments and purifying glassware.
3. Efficient: Ultrasonic cleaning is synonymous with efficiency, outperforming other methods by conserving water, showcasing energy efficiency, and accelerating the cleaning process to a remarkable degree.
4. Safer: The ultrasonic cleaner not only prevents exposure to harmful fumes but also minimises injury risks associated with handling sharp objects, thus offering a safer alternative for cleaning in any work environment.
5. Convenient and easy &#; Using an ultrasonic cleaner is a breeze: just place the part along with the detergent into the tank, and let the ultrasonic cleaning equipment do its job. This allows operators the freedom to attend to other duties while the cleaning cycle operates autonomously.

Medical device cleaning with Ultrasonic Cleaning after use in surgery, making medical handicrafts.

Why Choose an RND Ultrasonic Cleaner?

RND&#;s digital ultrasonic cleaner models are engineered to offer an automated and uniform cleaning experience, featuring high-end specifications for unparalleled performance. The ultrasonic cleaner series from RND enhances usability with three distinct power modes and essential features, such as fluid temperature regulation and cleaning cycle timers, demonstrating the sophistication of RND&#;s digital ultrasonic cleaners.

• Easy-to-read digital display.
• Robust ultrasonic tanks made from stainless steel.
• Time selector for an automated and consistent process.
• Heat selector for more suitable temperatures.
• Energy-efficient (lower water consumption).
• Comes with a basket and lid as standard.

RND: How to Use an Ultrasonic Cleaner

Cleaning Modes

All of RND&#;s digital ultrasonic cleaners have three cleaning modes to help achieve the best performance for the task: degas, delicate and full. Each mode is meticulously designed to boost the efficiency of the ultrasonic cleaner, ensuring superior cleaning outcomes.

Degas

Activating a degas cycle is a crucial step before submerging objects into the ultrasonic cleaner&#;s basin. This procedure ejects gases from the cleaning fluid, enhancing the liquid&#;s surface tension and promoting a more comprehensive and efficient cleaning process.

Delicate

For fragile items, the delicate mode on the ultrasonic cleaner reduces the power output by half, safeguarding sensitive materials. Employing this mode in conjunction with a tailored ultrasonic cleaning solution can achieve the best results for delicate components.

Full

When dealing with heavily soiled objects, the full power mode of the ultrasonic cleaner is the go-to option. Leveraging the device&#;s peak power along with precise temperature control and an appropriate cleaning solution ensures a strong and all-encompassing clean.

How to Clean

General cleaning

For lightly soiled items, employing the ultrasonic cleaner with warm water at 40°C is recommended. Commence with the degas mode, then determine the cleaning time based on the item&#;generally, a span of 2-10 minutes is sufficient for an exhaustive clean, though some objects might need an additional cycle to fully remove all impurities.

Ultrasonic cleaners that feature extended cycle times present a practical solution for those in search of a device that delivers effective performance with little supervision, guaranteeing a steady degree of ultrasonic cleaning without the need for constant attention.

Enhanced cleaning

In scenarios where parts require deeper cleaning, incorporating an ultrasonic solution into the water of your ultrasonic cleaner is advisable. It&#;s beneficial to adjust the cleaner&#;s temperature to a warmer range to clean more efficiently, ideally between 40°C and 60°C, which can significantly boost the ultrasonic cleaning process.

Extensive cleaning

When faced with tenacious dirt, such as heavy carbon deposits or rust on bare metal surfaces, employing an ultrasonic cleaner becomes crucial for a comprehensive cleaning experience. Begin by soaking the items in a strong ultrasonic solution, followed by engaging the full ultrasonic cleaning mode at an elevated temperature to achieve the best results.

How to Choose the Best Ultrasonic Cleaner for Your Application

Considering that ultrasonic cleaners represent a considerable investment, ensuring you select the best ultrasonic cleaner tailored to your needs is vital. Reflect on these factors carefully before finalising your purchase to make a well-informed decision.

Size

Industrial ultrasonic cleaners come in various sizes to suit different cleaning tasks or parts. Prior to purchasing, evaluate the size and volume of the components you plan to clean. If you anticipate cleaning numerous small parts, a larger model of an industrial ultrasonic cleaner might be the most efficient choice.

The dimensions of the baskets within an ultrasonic cleaner are critical, as they hold the items in place during the cleaning cycle. For an all-encompassing clean, parts should typically be submerged entirely. Hence, knowing the working depth of the cleaner&#;s fluid is essential for the ultrasonic cleaner to perform effectively.

For tasks that involve cleaning elongated objects, the 10 litre ultrasonic cleaner from RND is designed to cater to longer items, guaranteeing a snug fit and exceptional cleaning performance.

Ultrasonic Frequency

Most ultrasonic cleaners operate within the optimal frequency range of 35kHz to 45kHz, which is appropriate for diverse cleaning applications. However, for more demanding cleaning tasks, such as eliminating polishing pastes or lapping abrasives, utilising an ultrasonic cleaner at a lower frequency, like 25 kHz, can be notably more effective.

The fundamental concept is straightforward: the lower the frequency of the ultrasonic cleaner, the bigger the cavitation bubbles generated. These more significant cavitation bubbles lead to powerful implosions, making them highly effective at removing stubborn contaminants. On the flip side, higher frequencies, typically between 80 to 130 kHz, are better suited for the delicate cleaning of soft metals and intricate electronics, providing a gentle yet thorough cleaning experience.

25kHz &#; When set to its most vigorous setting, the ultrasonic cleaner excels at removing strong pollution, representing the pinnacle of its cleaning capabilities. However, it&#;s imperative to steer clear of this setting for fragile materials like glass to avert any potential harm.

40kHz &#; Functioning at its standard frequency power, the ultrasonic cleaner demonstrates proficiency in purging a wide spectrum of materials from impurities, underscoring its adaptability and cleaning prowess.

80kHz &#; Optimised for items with elaborate designs and hard-to-reach areas, the ultrasonic cleaner at this particular frequency ensures deep penetration of cavitation bubbles into tiny spaces, achieving thorough decontamination.

120 kHz and megasonic &#; For components requiring meticulous care, such as precision optics and highly sensitive parts, this frequency setting of the ultrasonic cleaner is the go-to option. It&#;s also the ideal choice for the final cleaning phase, ensuring the removal of any residual dust from already clean components.

Ultrasonic Temperature

Incorporating a heated solution can significantly boost the speed and effectiveness of the cleaning process. Certain ultrasonic cleaners are outfitted with thermostat-controlled heaters, which permit precise temperature modifications to further enhance the cleaning results.

Accessories for Ultrasonic Cleaners

On the Distrelec webshop, you can find a range of ultrasonic cleaning accessories from RND. Some of the main ones include baskets and beakers. 

Baskets

Each RND Ultrasonic Cleaner comes complete with a perfectly sized wire mesh basket, enhancing the device&#;s functionality. Customers have the option to purchase additional baskets, too. Baskets are recommended to evenly distribute ultrasonic waves and prevent hot spots during the cleaning cycle. All baskets are thoughtfully designed with handles that conveniently extend over the bath lip for secure and effortless handling.

An ultrasonic cleaning basket.

Glass beakers

Beakers are the perfect container for small parts like electronic components and jewellery. Beakers are suspended in the tank with the appropriate basket, and the solution is only required in the beaker. Separating parts to individual beakers enables the user to group components together and use two different solutions at the same time whilst lowering the amount of solution needed. The beakers are made from borosilicate glass, which is a type of glass that is more resistant to rapid temperature changes. Using the jar means that items don&#;t get lost, and cleaning is faster.

Glass beaker baskets

The Distrelec webshop extends its range of ultrasonic accessories to include baskets for glass beakers, which are meticulously designed to securely hold the glass beakers within the ultrasonic cleaner&#;s tank. These baskets for glass beakers prevent spillage and guarantee safe handling, with a variety of sizes available to fit different beaker dimensions, ensuring a snug and secure fit for optimal cleaning. They are also available in bundles with the glass jars. 

Ultrasonic Cleaner Tips

Here are some maintenance tips that will keep your ultrasonic cleaner in fantastic condition:

• It&#;s imperative to maintain the correct solution level in your ultrasonic cleaner to safeguard the machine&#;s transducer and ensure its longevity. Operating the ultrasonic cleaner with a low solution level can be detrimental, so keeping the solution adequately filled is a key aspect of proper ultrasonic cleaner maintenance.
• To maintain the integrity of both the item being cleaned and the ultrasonic cleaner&#;s tank, it is important to prevent the item from coming into direct contact with the tank&#;s bottom as it can scratch the machine.
• Don&#;t use solutions with high levels of acid or alkaline.
• Don&#;t slope the solution to prevent it from running into the device.
• Make sure the machine doesn&#;t sit on a wet surface.
• Regular and meticulous maintenance of your ultrasonic cleaning machine is crucial to ensure it delivers peak performance. Proper upkeep of the cleaner not only prolongs its life but also guarantees that it consistently provides exceptional cleaning results.

Recommended Products

RND Ultrasonic Cleaning Tank 36L

Borosilicate Glass Cleaning Beaker 300ml

RND Ultrasonic Cleaning Basket for 36L Tank

Frequently Asked Questions

Do ultrasonic cleaners work?

Yes, ultrasonic cleaners are highly effective for many cleaning applications. Their effectiveness stems from the process of cavitation, where millions of tiny bubbles formed by ultrasonic waves implode upon contact with objects submerged in a cleaning solution. This process can remove dirt, grease, oils, and other types of contaminants from surfaces and is especially adept at cleaning items with complex shapes, intricate details, or hard-to-reach areas.

What can be cleaned by an ultrasonic cleaner?

 Ultrasonic technology is ideal for cleaning a variety of objects, such as jewellery, dental instruments, metal components, medical equipment, glasses, and electronic parts. It&#;s especially helpful for things that are hard to clean by hand, such as those with delicate features or complicated forms.

What cleaning solution should I use in an ultrasonic cleaner?

The choice of cleaning solution depends on the type of items being cleaned and the nature of the contaminants. For general cleaning, mild dish soap and water can be effective. For more specialised cleaning, there are solutions formulated for specific materials like metals, plastics, or electronics.

Can ultrasonic cleaners damage items?

While the majority of goods may safely be cleaned using ultrasonic technology, some materials&#;such as delicate metals, valuable stones, and objects with loose parts&#;may be harmed by the cavitation process. If you&#;re unclear, it&#;s crucial to refer to the manufacturer&#;s instructions or an expert.

How long should the ultrasonic cleaning process be?

Depending on the object to be cleaned and the degree of pollution, the cleaning cycle&#;s duration may change. The programmed cycles on the majority of household cleaners range from a few minutes to around twenty minutes. Cycle times for industrial versions might be longer.

Can I use tap water in an ultrasonic cleaner?

Yes, tap water is suitable in most ultrasonic cleaners for basic cleaning tasks. However, adding a cleaning solution or detergent can significantly enhance cleaning effectiveness, especially for greasy or oily items.

Why do I need to degas the cleaning solution, and how do I do it?

Degas refers to the removal of dissolved gases from the liquid, which can hinder the cavitation process. Many ultrasonic cleaners have a degas feature that does this automatically before starting the main cleaning cycle. If not, running the cleaner with the solution for a short period without items can help degas the liquid.

Can ultrasonic cleaners remove rust?

While ultrasonic cleaners are useful for removing impurities and loose rust from metal surfaces, they may not be able to remove deeply ingrained rust. In certain situations, rust removers or specific cleaning solutions specialised for rust removal could be required.

How do I maintain an ultrasonic cleaner?

Cleaning and emptying the tank after each use, making sure the cleaner is dry and clean before storing it, and routinely inspecting the appliance for wear or damage are all examples of routine maintenance. It&#;s also critical to adhere to the precise maintenance guidelines provided by the manufacturer.

What items should not be put in an ultrasonic cleaner?

Despite their versatility, some materials or objects should not be cleaned in ultrasonic cleaners. These include products with loose settings or jewels, fragile or porous stones (such as opals, pearls, and emeralds), various forms of plastic that may break down under extreme cavitation, and goods with weakening adhesive connections. If in doubt, always refer to the manufacturer&#;s instructions or seek expert advice.